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All the gardens are covered
by Rosalie all the mountains

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and put on their holy dress a thousand
years ago the poet the donkey sang the

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praises of spring among purges mountains.

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Today the people of Iran still look to their
mountains for water precious water for

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the high arid plain on which
most of the people live

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but too often the rivers flowing down from
the snows disappear in the great central

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deserts of Iran east

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and west fly other Moslem lands Turkey
Iraq Saudi Arabia Pakistan Afghanistan

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north the Soviet Union lies beyond the L.

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Bers mountains Iran knew
greatness in the days

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when it was known as Persia on this vast
throne room part of his renowned capital

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Persepolis King Darrius ruled over the
first great empire in history the whole of

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one hundred columns the home
for the many royal wives

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and a wonderful sculpted stone stairway
were among the marvels here focus

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of the sculptures was the life sized carving
of various himself seated on his drum

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receiving tributes from the
people he ruled in Europe Africa

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and Asia came in bearing gifts in the
procession with Syrians bringing golden bowls

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bracelets shaped like a horse shoes and
small horses from what is today Arabia.

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This was sort of tax day
twenty five centuries ago

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and one meets there was the scenes
in what is today. Southwest Russia.

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They were sheep from
what is today. Turkey.

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They were vessels with exotic
shapes full of precious liquids

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that was back cattle from what is today.

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India all these part of the Persian
Empire and its days of greatest glory.

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It was a chariot like those of the pharaoh
even Egypt was ruled by this Persian

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king and there was a Bactrian camel.

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From what is today Afghanistan the tax
collectors were the men of his mighty army

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and on these golden tablets various inscribed
I am various King of Kings the great

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God of War a Mazda has given
me the rulership of all races.

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This is my kingdom here in gold was outlined
the Empire which was handed to Xerxes

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his son exactly

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that the head of vast armies extended version
rule to the limits of the known world.

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The Persian armies

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that defeat in Greece at the Battle of
Marathon under Alexander Greeks pursued the

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Persians back to Persepolis
through this big way.

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Alexander the Great strode in triumph
conquerors of a different kind of came a

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thousand years later

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when in Rome the Arabian Peninsula
swept men with flaming sword

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and a fiery new face as this
new faith of Islam grew

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and mellowed the followers of the Prophet
Muhammad the great churches called

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mosques the mass Judy shot the royal blue
Moskovitz behind was completed in the

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seventeenth century by Shabazz he ruled
during purges second golden age.

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Polo was developed in a spot on
and played in the great square.

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While the Shah watched from this porch
over the palace gateway. From his palace.

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Shahbaz ruler reborn expanding Persia.

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He built roads irrigation systems
and great bridges like this one

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but even his empire finally
crumbled centuries later.

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Nineteen twenty five razor sharp rose to
power a new era began marked by a turn

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from old customs toward
Western ways of thought

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and the razor sharp son needed land
reform the changing old patterns

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and bringing hope to the people the
young shards palaces typical of the

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architecture of modern Tehran former
rulers lived in the golden spawn

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or Rose Garden Palace.

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And its mirror throne room as one of the
world's most fabulous objects the peacock

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throne this golden seat
of state was designed so

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that its occupant sat cross-legged with
his back against a bolster crusted with

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pearls and rubies

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and gold settings built for the Great Mogul
of India who was captured by another

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shot

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and brought to Persia two hundred years
ago above is the jewel peacock from which

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the throne gets its name.

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Tehran is the capital of Iran located in
the north with the elders mountains in the

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background Tehran is a modern
city with roots in the past.

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The great Muslim religious college of
Cyprus Allah is one of the intellectual

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centers of the Islamic world.

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These young men are studying to become of
those religious leaders their tranquil

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place does contrast with the busy life of
the city a woman wearing the enveloping

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shut door. As a reminder

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that even here in this modern city a
strong links with Eastern traditions.

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New buildings

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and modern apartments are among the visible
signs of progress in Tehran at their

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National University young Iranians with
a growing spirit of national pride are

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becoming the doctors teachers
engineers and leaders of the future.

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It's behind is the art

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and craft center of Iran as
it was in the days of Shabazz

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when her people boasted as
for Honda's half the world.

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Much of the Imperial splendor survives
and in the bazaar the ancient crafts.

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Like copper smithing continue little
changed modern machinery has come to Iran

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but it still is far less difficult to
hire a skilled hand craftsman by the day.

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Than to find capital to buy an
imported machine to do his job.

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The hands of a spawn craftsman turn with
special skill to the creation of fine

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articles of silver machinery will never
be able to replace artists Pressman like

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these silversmiths their skill is not
easily acquired for fifty years these hands

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of guided tiny chisels none over a
tenth the size of the thing it.

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With never ending taps of his hammer one
of the world's great silver Masters

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Mohammad's of fun creates
things of lasting loveliness.

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This small traces on a method with figures
of legendary heroes hunting lions in a

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scene from a project of long
ago. The shop windows of S.

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Behind display other traditional arts.

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Here are miniature paintings themes used
today a little changed from those of the

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time of the great job US and the
technique is also little changed.

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Men sit all day seeming scarcely to
move a muscle is brush free camel hairs

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and this is some of the work he does

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the best known product of us behind hens
is of course the Persian rug an average

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rug is made up of at least a million tiny
knots every one of which must be tied by

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hand. The knots make the woman tough

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or pile of the rug the war for foundation
of the rug consists of cotton threads

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wound between large wooden rollers.
Rug industry wages are low.

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One of these skilled Weavers earns less in
a week than an average American laborer

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receives would. Two hours work. After
a few rows of knots of been tied.

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They have pounded tightly together with
this comb faced hammer children's tiny

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hands tied the smallest knots
of the most delicate designs.

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Although employment of children in rug
factories is discouraged by new labor laws.

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As modern industry like this textile
mill come to respond milliners

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and workers alike face the problems of
sudden adjustment to the machine age.

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Shiraz is the capital of the province of
SARS from which Persia took its name the

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monumental city gate

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and the princely palace of the question
I suggest the beauty of she does was

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history is full of the names of
astronomers the last of years and poets.

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The climate is agreeable here are in
just grow near reflecting pools in which

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Moslem poets saw the tranquility they
saw it in their face with this monument

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Shiraz on its most beloved son.

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The poet saw the seven hundred years
ago he wrote poetry of such beauty

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that it still is the basis of the
living Persian language of today.

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The people of she does are among the most
progressive in Iran behind the caravans

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still used for transport rises
their modern grain elevator.

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They built a fine new technical school where
young men are learning to use machine

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tools and thus reduce the Rons
dependence on foreign manufacturers.

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They point was special pride to their
rapidly expanding medical school in which

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young people are being trained to
fill the serious shortage of doctors.

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Some of the students are women evidence
of change just adding to the conservative

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Moslem clergy.

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Medical care has not yet reached much of
rural Iran about ninety percent of the

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people live in villages like Kenya or a.

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You know they exist because it has water
water drawn by this primitive voiced.

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Three centuries ago all elaborate irrigation
systems operated the land fed twice

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its present population today this oyster
reaches only sixty feet its capacity to go

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Skins about eight gallons of water a minute
here the people of the village come to

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wash their clothes and in the
same water they do their dishes.

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They see nothing wrong
about having the sheep

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and goats come to drink at the same source
from which they draw their water to take

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home for cooking

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and drinking a girl names out carries
on her head a quart of water.

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She is walked half a mile
to get there is no school

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and cannot say So sorry has not heard of
the dangers of bacteria in drinking water.

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You know is cold and dusty
in winter hot even dusty or

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and much more uncomfortable in
summer because of the Flies at home.

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The son of his mother makes
bread from wheat flour

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00:11:04,14 --> 00:11:08,42
that was the family share of the
crop the landlord owns the fields

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and also the House and which is our

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and her family live sickness breeds
easily here it comes from dust flies

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and clean drinking water

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and often just from too little soap because
soap is expensive main food is bread

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only occasionally are their vegetables
and a little goat milk means is scarce.

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So the diet is mostly bread. Not
much else yet for all their poverty.

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These people are kind and decent
honest honorable and friendly.

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Their bedding is the most precious thing
they own they have a copper samovar a

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broken kerosene lantern a teapot
a few cups and saucers a mirror

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and a picture of the shop
together with their clothing

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00:11:55,25 --> 00:11:59,40
and cooking utensils these things are
all that this hard working family owns.

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00:12:02,46 --> 00:12:07,72
The house has two rooms a sleeping room
up stairs and a cooking room downstairs.

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00:12:07,74 --> 00:12:11,73
This is the only stairway mother
is baking bread this morning.

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00:12:12,65 --> 00:12:16,82
Although Iran is rich in oil oil products
are still too expensive for this family

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00:12:17,61 --> 00:12:24,46
so mother walked fifteen miles to
gather twigs for her fire as us

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Father. Most of us walks
to work he realizes

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00:12:27,88 --> 00:12:31,15
that he is neither much better know
much worse off than his neighbors

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00:12:31,15 --> 00:12:35,11
or neither much better know much worse off
than most of the sixteen million people

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00:12:35,11 --> 00:12:39,52
of Iran and as he works in the
fields with the landlord's oxen.

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00:12:39,75 --> 00:12:43,59
He knows a little has changed and you
know day in twenty five centuries.

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There is still the old system of land
ownership which sometimes requires the

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00:12:48,14 --> 00:12:51,87
tenants to pay eighty percent of their
crop for the privilege of working the

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00:12:51,87 --> 00:12:55,06
owner's land. The only change
is most of those clothing.

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00:12:55,60 --> 00:13:02,32
And now the steel tip on the wooden
plow like most people of the Middle

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00:13:02,32 --> 00:13:05,91
East. Most of all wants the benefits
of mechanized civilization.

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00:13:08,48 --> 00:13:13,80
Changes coming as the great natural
resources of Iran are developed the most

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00:13:13,80 --> 00:13:19,11
important resources for oil at other done
as one of the world's largest refineries

167
00:13:19,11 --> 00:13:25,28
built to serve customers of many nations
developed by British interests Iranian oil

168
00:13:25,28 --> 00:13:30,48
has been the subject of bitter dispute
with no tradition of mechanical experience

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00:13:31,26 --> 00:13:37,13
Iranian technicians are developing skills
to operate complex machinery of high

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00:13:37,14 --> 00:13:41,48
industrial wages have attracted men from
all over the country to work in the

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00:13:41,48 --> 00:13:47,95
unfamiliar tingle of technical equipment
men from the Highland tribes men from the

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00:13:47,95 --> 00:13:53,81
city bazaars have put on the workman's
helmet This then is the new man of Iran a

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00:13:53,81 --> 00:13:57,58
man who looks with hope to the time when
with further development of industry

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00:13:57,58 --> 00:14:02,60
and the great natural resources Iran may
know again some of the glorious new one

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00:14:02,60 --> 00:14:07,25
Various rule of Persepolis over the
mightiest empire the world has ever known.